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Prof Andy Gardner

Director of Research

Professor

Phone

+44 (0)1334 46 3385

Email

andy.gardner@st-andrews.ac.uk

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Research areas

I work on Darwinian adaptation. Natural selection explains the appearance of design in the living world, but at what level is this design expected to manifest – gene, individual, society – and what is its function? Social evolution provides a window on this problem, by pitting the interests of genes, individuals and societies against each other. I develop general theory on the topics of inclusive fitness and multilevel selection, and also tailor general theory to the biology of particular species to facilitate empirical testing. I work on a wide range of biological systems, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, crustaceans, insects, fish and humans. Visit my webpage at ��for more information.

PhD supervision

• Chon I��Kam

Selected publications

• Open access
  Twyman, K. Z. & Gardner, A., 17 Nov 2025, (E-pub ahead of print) In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Advance access, p. 1-9 9 p., voaf141.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Open access
  Gardner, A. & Barteškaitė, E., 17 Dec 2025, In: Biology Letters. 21, 12, p. 1-5 5 p., 20250589 .

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Open access
  Baird, R. B., Hitchcock, T. J., Ševčik, J., Monteith, K. M., Gardner, A., Ross, L. & Mongue, A. J., 11 Jun 2025, In: Nature Communications. 16, p. 1-12 12 p., 5288.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Open access
  Dong, B. & Gardner, A., Jan 2025, In: Ecology and Evolution. 15, 1, 6 p., e70806.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Open access
  Scott, T., Wild, G. & Gardner, A., 1 Jun 2025, In: Evolution. 79, 6, p. 962–972 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Open access
  Twyman, K. Z. & Gardner, A., Aug 2025, In: Evolution. 79, 8, p. 1533–1543 11 p., qpaf093.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Open access
  Chokechaipaisarn, C. & Gardner, A., Sept 2025, In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 38, 9, p. 1278–1282

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Open access
  Gardner, A., 7 Jan 2024, In: Journal of Theoretical Biology. 576, 4 p., 111653.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Open access
  Stucky, K. & Gardner, A., 5 Oct 2024, Encyclopedia of religious psychology and behavior. Shackelford, T. (ed.). Cham: Springer, 5 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Entry for encyclopedia/dictionary

• Open access
  Chokechaipaisarn, C. & Gardner, A., 30 Oct 2024, In: Biology Letters. 20, 10, 6 p., 20240378.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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